Journal article
Like a punch in the gut: a novel perspective on annual recurrences of ulcerative colitis
- Abstract:
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Background
Ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, causes stomach pain, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding. The exact cause is unknown, but it is thought to involve genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Some people experience annual flare-ups without obvious reason. This article adopts a theory-driven approach to consider how and why past traumatic events may contribute to annual flare-ups.
MethodsWe applied learning theory, which explains the development of re-experiencing phenomena in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), to better understand the occurrence of annual flares in patients living with UC.
ResultsTwo possibilities emerged in which associative learning may contribute to annual UC flares. First, flare-ups could be a physical response to sensory cues in the present that overlap with trauma experienced at the first onset of UC. Annual episodes may strengthen the UC flare as a learned physiological response to trauma reminders. Second, flare-ups may result from elevated stress due to trauma re-experiencing at anniversaries. Sensory features of the initial UC trauma may be associated with strong reactions, which generalize to similar stimuli, triggering re-experiencing symptoms and increasing psychological stress. Elevated stress raises glucocorticoid levels, promoting UC-specific inflammation. Stimulus discrimination from cognitive therapy for PTSD may help to over-ride the associations that have formed between sensory features of past trauma, linked reactions, and similar cues in the present.
ConclusionsResearch is needed to understand how traumatic events influence the onset and recurrence of ulcerative colitis, as well as the potential benefits of stimulus discrimination for reducing the frequency of annual flares.
- Publication status:
- Published
- Peer review status:
- Peer reviewed
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- Files:
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(Preview, Version of record, pdf, 300.2KB, Terms of use)
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- Publisher copy:
- 10.1093/crocol/otae050
Authors
- Funder identifier:
- https://ror.org/0187kwz08
- Grant:
- NIHR302983
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- Journal:
- Crohn's and Colitis 360 More from this journal
- Volume:
- 6
- Issue:
- 4
- Article number:
- otae050
- Place of publication:
- England
- Publication date:
- 2024-10-17
- Acceptance date:
- 2024-08-12
- DOI:
- EISSN:
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2631-827X
- Pmid:
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39502269
- Language:
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English
- Pubs id:
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2044984
- Local pid:
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pubs:2044984
- Deposit date:
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2024-11-29
Terms of use
- Copyright holder:
- Johnston et al
- Copyright date:
- 2024
- Rights statement:
- © The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Crohn's & Colitis Foundation. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
- Licence:
- CC Attribution (CC BY)
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