Evaluating the impact of financial navigation on financial catastrophe and distress for cancer care: a randomized control trial—COST-FIN

Journal article

Background: As with most Sub-Saharan African countries, Nigeria has a rising incidence of cancer, with disproportionate mortality rates. The financial burden of cancer care often results in catastrophic healthcare spending, leading to treatment refusal, disruption, and discontinuation. This is particularly significant in Nigeria, where nearly all patients are uninsured, and out-of-pocket costs often exceed households’ ability to pay. Financial navigation programs (FNPs) have been shown to mitigate treatment-related financial toxicity in cancer care and reduce treatment abandonment, but there is a paucity of high-quality data on this intervention in resource-constrained settings. Here, we present a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of a novel FNP in Nigeria. Methods: We designed the COST-FIN trial, a multi-site pragmatic single-blinded randomized controlled trial of newly diagnosed (<6 weeks from diagnosis) adults (≥18 years) with breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer at two tertiary cancer centers in Nigeria. Participants (n = 200) will be randomized (1:1) to either the intervention (FNP) or the control arm and followed for 12 months. Data on key individual, treatment, and financial parameters will be collected via structured interviews and chart abstraction at baseline, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up. In addition, participants randomized to the FNP will receive a tailored financial literacy assessment, financial planning support, and enhanced access to resources by trained financial navigators. Primary and secondary outcomes are financial catastrophe (FC) and financial distress (FD), respectively. Exploratory outcomes will include cost-related non-adherence and cost-effectiveness of the program. An interim analysis will be conducted when 50% of the estimated accruals reach 6 months of follow-up, with crossover if compelling evidence of benefit is demonstrated at that time point. All participants will be followed for 12 months from recruitment. Discussion: This first-of-its-kind study will provide evidence on the role of FNP in potentially eliminating financial barriers to cancer care in Nigeria. Given the country’s renewed interest in cancer control through the passage of the National Cancer Control Plan, findings from this study have the potential to influence policy reform and set the stage for further studies to evaluate the scalability and implementation of similar interventions in resource-limited settings. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06630962. Registered on Oct 8, 2024.

Authors: Sohail, AH; Afolaranmi, O; Wuraola, FO; Caputo, M; Gutierrez, G

• Publication status: Published
• Peer review status: Peer reviewed
• Publisher: BioMed Central
• Journal: Trials
• Volume: 27
• Issue: 1
• Article number: 167
• Publication date: 2026-01-28
• Acceptance date: 2026-01-18
• DOI: 10.1186/s13063-026-09480-2
• EISSN: 1745-6215
• ISSN: 1745-6215
• Language: English
• Keywords: Cancer; Sub-Saharan Africa; Treatment adherence; Financial catastrophe; Financial toxicity; Financial distress; Financial navigation