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On the rapid growth of SMBHs in high-z galaxies: the aftermath of Population III.1 stars

Abstract:
Abstract Despite the vast amount of energy released by active galactic nuclei (AGN), their role in early galaxy formation and in regulating the growth of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) remains poorly understood. Through new high-resolution zoom-in cosmological simulations, we follow the co-evolution of 105 M⊙ black hole seeds with their host dwarf galaxy. We model ionizing feedback from a Pop III.1 progenitor, applicable to a wide range of internally or externally irradiated SMBH formation scenarios. The simulated suite progressively spans physics ranging from no AGN feedback to more complex setups including thermal, kinetic and radiative feedback – explored for both low and enhanced AGN power. Across all our models, we find that black hole seeds efficiently reach masses of ∼107 M⊙ within a ∼1010 M⊙ halo by z = 8. Although they exhibit notably different mass growth histories, these latter seem unimpeded by the presence of AGN feedback. The simulation including radiative feedback is the most distinct, with super-Eddington episodes driving fast and mass-loaded gas outflows (exceeding 2500 km s−1) up to ∼50 kpc, along with minor stellar mass suppression in the host galaxy. Our measurements are in broad agreement with moderate luminosity quasars recently observed by JWST, producing overmassive black holes (SMBH-to-galaxy mass ratios 0.01 − 1), dynamical masses of ∼109.5 M⊙, stellar masses of ∼108.5 M⊙, and high, though short-lived, Eddington fraction accretion rates. These results advocate for a scenario where AGN feedback allows for rapid SMBH growth during the reionisation era, while driving winds that extend deep into the intergalactic medium – shaping host galaxies as well as more distant surroundings.
Publication status:
Published
Peer review status:
Peer reviewed

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Publisher copy:
10.1093/mnras/staf2000

Authors

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Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MPLS
Department:
Physics
Sub department:
Astrophysics
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0003-0617-8590
More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MPLS
Department:
Physics
Sub department:
Astrophysics
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-8140-0422
More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MPLS
Department:
Physics
Sub department:
Astrophysics
Oxford college:
New College
Role:
Author


More from this funder
Funder identifier:
https://ror.org/0472cxd90
Grant:
788829
More from this funder
Funder identifier:
https://ror.org/01v29qb04
Grant:
ST/R000832/1
More from this funder
Funder identifier:
https://ror.org/00yjd3n13
Grant:
P500PT_214488
More from this funder
Funder identifier:
https://ror.org/057g20z61
Grant:
ST/P002293/1
More from this funder
Funder identifier:
https://ror.org/027ka1x80
Grant:
P500PT_214488


Publisher:
Oxford University Press
Journal:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society More from this journal
Volume:
544
Issue:
4
Pages:
4317–4335
Publication date:
2025-11-18
Acceptance date:
2025-11-10
DOI:
EISSN:
1365-2966
ISSN:
0035-8711


Language:
English
Keywords:
Pubs id:
2344087
Local pid:
pubs:2344087
Source identifiers:
W4416311885
Deposit date:
2026-03-05
ARK identifier:

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