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Uranus and Neptune’s stratospheric water abundance and vertical profile from Herschel-HIFI

Abstract:
Here we present new constraints on Uranus’s and Neptune’s externally sourced stratospheric water abundance using disk-averaged observations of the 557 GHz emission line from Herschel’s Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared. Derived stratospheric column water abundances are × 1014 cm−2 for Uranus and ×1014 cm−2 for Neptune, consistent with previous determinations using ISO-SWS and Herschel-PACS. For Uranus, excellent observational fits are obtained by scaling photochemical model profiles or with step-type profiles with water vapor limited to ≤0.6 mbar. However, Uranus’s cold stratospheric temperatures imply a ∼0.03 mbar condensation level, which further limits water vapor to pressures ≤0.03 mbar. Neptune’s warmer stratosphere has a deeper ∼1 mbar condensation level, so emission-line pressure broadening can be used to further constrain the water profile. For Neptune, excellent fits are obtained using step-type profiles with cutoffs of ∼0.3–0.6 mbar or by scaling a photochemical model profile. Step-type profiles with cutoffs ≥1.0 mbar or ≤0.1 mbar can be rejected with 4σ significance. Rescaling photochemical model profiles from Moses & Poppe to match our observed column abundances implies similar external water fluxes for both planets: × 104 cm−2 s−1 for Uranus and ×104 cm−2 s−1 for Neptune. This suggests that Neptune’s ∼4 times greater observed water column abundance is primarily caused by its warmer stratosphere preventing loss by condensation, rather than by a significantly more intense external source. To reconcile these water fluxes with other stratospheric oxygen species (CO and CO2) requires either a significant CO component in interplanetary dust particles (Uranus) or contributions from cometary impacts (Uranus, Neptune)
Publication status:
Published
Peer review status:
Peer reviewed

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Publisher copy:
10.3847/PSJ/ac650f

Authors


More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MPLS
Department:
Physics
Sub department:
Atmos Ocean & Planet Physics
Role:
Author


Publisher:
IOP Publishing
Journal:
Planetary Science Journal More from this journal
Volume:
3
Issue:
4
Article number:
96
Publication date:
2022-04-29
Acceptance date:
2022-04-05
DOI:
EISSN:
2632-3338


Language:
English
Keywords:
Pubs id:
1249555
Local pid:
pubs:1249555
Deposit date:
2022-04-06

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