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Journal article : Review

Plate fixation versus flexible intramedullary nails for management of closed femoral shaft fractures in the pediatric population: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the adverse outcomes

Abstract:

Purpose: Fractures of the femoral diaphysis are associated with a risk of morbidity in children. Various fixation methods have been developed, but with only limited evidence to support their use. This systematic review assesses the evidence regarding clinical outcomes of closed femoral diaphyseal fractures in children treated with plate fixation or flexible intramedullary nails.

Methods: A PROSPERO-registered, PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science (WoS) databases were searched from inception to February 2023. Inclusion criteria included clinical studies reporting adverse outcomes following surgical treatment of pediatric closed femoral diaphyseal fractures using plate fixation and flexible intramedullary nails. The ROBINS-I and RoB 2 tools evaluated the risk of bias.

Results: Thirteen papers (2 prospective randomized controlled trials and 11 retrospective cohorts) reported 805 closed diaphyseal femoral fractures in 801 children (559 males, 242 females). There were 360 plate fixations and 445 flexible intramedullary nails. Two cases of osteomyelitis and one nonunion were reported. Meta-analysis showed that plate fixation had a lower risk of soft tissue infection (relative risk 0.26 (95% confidence interval 0.07–0.92)). There was no difference in the following outcomes: malunion (relative risk 0.68 (95% confidence interval 0.32–1.44)); unplanned reoperation (relative risk 0.59 (95% confidence interval 0.31–1.14)), and leg-length difference (relative risk 1.58 (95% confidence interval 0.66–3.77)). The risk of bias was high in all studies.

Conclusions: An analysis of 805 fractures with minimal differences in meta-analyses is considered high quality even when the quality of the evidence is low. The findings are limited by important flaws in the methodology in the published literature. Well-designed multicentre prospective studies using standardized core outcomes are required to advise treatment recommendations.

Level of evidence: III.

Publication status:
Published
Peer review status:
Peer reviewed

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Files:
Publisher copy:
10.1177/18632521231190713

Authors


More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MSD
Department:
NDORMS
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-7329-6792
More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MSD
Department:
NDORMS
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0001-6197-4093


Publisher:
SAGE Publications
Journal:
Journal of Children's Orthopaedics More from this journal
Volume:
17
Issue:
5
Pages:
442-452
Publication date:
2023-08-28
Acceptance date:
2023-07-13
DOI:
EISSN:
1863-2548
ISSN:
1863-2521
Pmid:
37799319


Language:
English
Keywords:
Subtype:
Review
Pubs id:
1532183
Local pid:
pubs:1532183
Deposit date:
2024-05-14

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