Negotiating Faith in Therapy: A Qualitative Study of Christian Clients in Secular Psychotherapy

Journal article

Abstract The integration of religious and spiritual considerations in counseling and psychotherapy is increasingly recognized as essential for culturally sensitive practice and improved therapeutic outcomes. This study explored the experiences of 26 Christian clients with prior experience of secular psychotherapy or counseling through an online survey. Participants completed psychometric assessments of religious identity and mental distress and responded to open-ended questions capturing their qualitative experiences. A thematic analysis informed by a contextualist perspective identified three main themes: (1) Faith as Barrier and Bridge to Mental Health, (2) Negotiating Faith in the Therapy Room, and (3) Therapy as Transformation and Disappointment. Findings highlighted participants’ desire for integrated care addressing both spiritual and psychological needs, while also indicating that collaboration with faith leaders and secular professionals may be optimal in addressing distinct issues. Participants drew on biblical narratives to normalize psychological distress and reported using religious practices as coping strategies. They emphasized the importance of person-centered care and strong therapeutic alliances, noting that therapy facilitated meaning-making and self-expression when therapists were attuned and validating. These insights are valuable for therapists and pastoral workers seeking to support religious clients in navigating their faith identity in culturally responsive and clinically effective ways.

Authors: Lloyd, CEM; Reid, G; Cathcart, J

• Publication status: Published
• Peer review status: Peer reviewed
• Publisher: Springer
• Journal: Pastoral Psychology
• Publication date: 2026-02-10
• DOI: 10.1007/s11089-025-01292-6
• EISSN: 1573-6679
• ISSN: 0031-2789
• Language: English
• Keywords: Spirituality; Mental health; Cross-cultural psychology; Faith; Thematic analysis; Distress; Coping (psychology); Qualitative research; Negotiation; Therapeutic relationship