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Electronic consultation in primary care between providers and patients: systematic review

Abstract:

Background: Governments and health care providers are keen to find innovative ways to deliver care more efficiently. Interest in electronic consultation (e-consultation) has grown, but the evidence of benefit is uncertain.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the evidence of delivering e-consultation using secure email and messaging or video links in primary care.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted on the use and application of e-consultations in primary care. We searched 7 international databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, EconLit, and Web of Science; 1999-2017), identifying 52 relevant studies. Papers were screened against a detailed inclusion and exclusion criteria. Independent dual data extraction was conducted and assessed for quality. The resulting evidence was synthesized using thematic analysis.

Results: This review included 57 studies from a range of countries, mainly the United States (n=30) and the United Kingdom (n=13). There were disparities in uptake and utilization toward more use by younger, employed adults. Patient responses to e-consultation were mixed. Patients reported satisfaction with services and improved self-care, communication, and engagement with clinicians. Evidence for the acceptability and ease of use was strong, especially for those with long-term conditions and patients located in remote regions. However, patients were concerned about the privacy and security of their data. For primary health care staff, e-consultation delivers challenges around time management, having the correct technological infrastructure, whether it offers a comparable standard of clinical quality, and whether it improves health outcomes.

Conclusions: E-consultations may improve aspects of care delivery, but the small scale of many of the studies and low adoption rates leave unanswered questions about usage, quality, cost, and sustainability. We need to improve e-consultation implementation, demonstrate how e-consultations will not increase disparities in access, provide better reassurance to patients about privacy, and incorporate e-consultation as part of a manageable clinical workflow.

Publication status:
Published
Peer review status:
Peer reviewed

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Publisher copy:
10.2196/13042

Authors


More by this author
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-6279-5537
More by this author
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-1472-7548
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Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-2161-6686
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Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
Medical Sciences Division
Department:
Primary Care Health Sciences
Department:
Unknown
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-8553-2641


Publisher:
JMIR Publications
Journal:
JMIR Medical Informatics More from this journal
Volume:
7
Issue:
4
Article number:
e13042
Publication date:
2019-11-25
Acceptance date:
2019-08-07
DOI:
EISSN:
2291-9694
Pmid:
31793888


Language:
English
Keywords:
Pubs id:
pubs:1076523
UUID:
uuid:477d8e1c-3619-47ce-877f-e5b6f0bc1680
Local pid:
pubs:1076523
Source identifiers:
1076523
Deposit date:
2019-12-10

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