Diels-Alder reaction affords circumpyrene tetracarboxydiimide with excited state intramolecular charge transfer character

Journal article

Large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) imides are promising candidates for optoelectronic applications in view of their narrow optical gaps and/or excited state charge transfer character. Diels–Alder (D–A) reactions of PAHs at bay regions can enable simultaneous extension of the aromatic structure and introduction of the imide moieties, but the actual use of this strategy has been limited. Herein, we demonstrate the D–A cycloaddition of dibenzo[hi, st]ovalene, one of the largest PAHs functioning as bisdiene, with maleimides to afford circumpyrene tetracarboxydiimides. Notably, efforts to optimize the yield of di-adduct revealed that the fully aromatized mono-adduct is inert toward further D–A reaction, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations instead indicated a partially dehydrogenated mono-adduct as the key intermediate enabling the second cycloaddition. The resulting product represents a rare example of PAH diimide featuring an acceptor-donor-acceptor type structure. Detailed spectroscopic and theoretical studies, including transient absorption and two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy, revealed the emergence of a bright intramolecular charge transfer state that could be directly excited to demonstrate distinct photophysical dynamics. These findings provide deep mechanistic insights into the D–A reactivity of large PAHs and underscores the potential of such PAH imides for advanced optoelectronic and photonic applications.

Authors: Chen, Q; Guizzardi, M; Méndez, F; Ju, C; Keller, HR

• Publication status: Published
• Peer review status: Peer reviewed
• Publisher: Nature Research
• Journal: Communications Chemistry
• Volume: 9
• Issue: 1
• Article number: 122
• Publication date: 2026-02-28
• Acceptance date: 2026-02-09
• DOI: 10.1038/s42004-026-01946-3
• EISSN: 2399-3669
• ISSN: 2399-3669
• Language: English
• Keywords: Intramolecular force; Excited state; Imide; Cycloaddition; Density functional theory; Ultrafast laser spectroscopy; Excitation; Charge (physics); Triplet state