Journal article
Ivermectin metabolites reduce Anopheles survival
- Abstract:
- Ivermectin mass drug administration to humans or livestock is a potential vector control tool for malaria elimination. The mosquito-lethal effect of ivermectin in clinical trials exceeds that predicted from in vitro laboratory experiments, suggesting that ivermectin metabolites have mosquito-lethal effect. The three primary ivermectin metabolites in humans (i.e., M1 (3″-O-demethyl ivermectin), M3 (4-hydroxymethyl ivermectin), and M6 (3″-O-demethyl, 4-hydroxymethyl ivermectin) were obtained by chemical synthesis or bacterial modification/metabolism. Ivermectin and its metabolites were mixed in human blood at various concentrations, blood-fed to Anopheles dirus and Anopheles minimus mosquitoes, and mortality was observed daily for fourteen days. Ivermectin and metabolite concentrations were quantified by liquid chromatography linked with tandem mass spectrometry to confirm the concentrations in the blood matrix. Results revealed that neither the LC50 nor LC90 values differed between ivermectin and its major metabolites for An. dirus or An. minimus., Additionally, there was no substantial differences in the time to median mosquito mortality when comparing ivermectin and its metabolites, demonstrating an equal rate of mosquito killing between the compounds evaluated. These results demonstrate that ivermectin metabolites have a mosquito-lethal effect equal to the parent compound, contributing to Anopheles mortality after treatment of humans.
- Publication status:
- Published
- Peer review status:
- Peer reviewed
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(Preview, Other, pdf, 817.5KB, Terms of use)
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- Publisher copy:
- 10.1038/s41598-023-34719-2
Authors
- Publisher:
- Springer Nature
- Journal:
- Scientific Reports More from this journal
- Volume:
- 13
- Issue:
- 1
- Article number:
- 8131
- Place of publication:
- England
- Publication date:
- 2023-05-19
- Acceptance date:
- 2023-05-05
- DOI:
- EISSN:
-
2045-2322
- Pmid:
-
37208382
- Language:
-
English
- Keywords:
- Pubs id:
-
1344240
- Local pid:
-
pubs:1344240
- Deposit date:
-
2023-09-20
Terms of use
- Copyright holder:
- Kobylinski et al
- Copyright date:
- 2023
- Rights statement:
- © 2023 The Author(s). This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
- Notes:
- A correction for this paper is available from Springer Nature at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-76902-z
- Licence:
- CC Attribution (CC BY)
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