Living alone and mental health: parallel analyses in UK longitudinal population surveys and electronic health records prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic

McElroy, E; Herrett, E; Patel, K; Piehlmaier, DM; Di Gessa, G; Huggins, C; Green, MJ; Kwong, ASF; Thompson, EJ; Zhu, J; Mansfield, KE; Silverwood, RJ; Mansfield, R; Maddock, J; Mathur, R; Costello, RE; Matthews, A; Tazare, J; Henderson, A; Wing, K; Bridges, L; Bacon, S; Mehrkar, A; Collaborative, O; Shaw, RJ

COVID-19 Collection

Journal article

Living alone and mental health: parallel analyses in UK longitudinal population surveys and electronic health records prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract:: BACKGROUND: People who live alone experience greater levels of mental illness; however, it is unclear whether the COVID-19 pandemic had a disproportionately negative impact on this demographic. OBJECTIVE: To describe the mental health gap between those who live alone and with others in the UK prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Self-reported psychological distress and life satisfaction in 10 prospective longitudinal population surveys (LPSs) assessed in the nearest pre-pandemic sweep and three periods during the pandemic. Recorded diagnosis of common and severe mental illnesses between March 2018 and January 2022 in electronic healthcare records (EHRs) within the OpenSAFELY-TPP. FINDINGS: In 37 544 LPS participants, pooled models showed greater psychological distress (standardised mean difference (SMD): 0.09 (95% CI: 0.04; 0.14); relative risk: 1.25 (95% CI: 1.12; 1.39)) and lower life satisfaction (SMD: −0.22 (95% CI: −0.30; −0.15)) for those living alone pre-pandemic. This gap did not change during the pandemic. In the EHR analysis of c.16 million records, mental health conditions were more common in those who lived alone (eg, depression 26 (95% CI: 18 to 33) and severe mental illness 58 (95% CI: 54 to 62) more cases more per 100 000). For common mental health disorders, the gap in recorded cases in EHRs narrowed during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: People living alone have poorer mental health and lower life satisfaction. During the pandemic, this gap in self-reported distress remained; however, there was a narrowing of the gap in service use. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Greater mental health need and potentially greater barriers to mental healthcare access for those who live alone need to be considered in healthcare planning

Publication status:: Published

Peer review status:: Peer reviewed

Actions

Email

Email this record

Send the bibliographic details of this record to your email address.

Your Email
Please enter the email address that the record information will be sent to.

-
Your message (optional)
Please add any additional information to be included within the email.
Share
Cite

Cite this record

APA Style

McElroy, E., Herrett, E., Patel, K., Piehlmaier, D. M., Di Gessa, G., Huggins, C., Green, M. J., Kwong, A. S. F., Thompson, E. J., Zhu, J., Mansfield, K. E., Silverwood, R. J., Mansfield, R., Maddock, J., Mathur, R., Costello, R. E., Matthews, A., Tazare, J., Henderson, A., … Shaw, R. J. (2023). Living alone and mental health: parallel analyses in UK longitudinal population surveys and electronic health records prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMJ Mental Health, 26(1), e300842–e300842.

MLA Style

McElroy, E, et al. “Living Alone and Mental Health: Parallel Analyses in UK Longitudinal Population Surveys and Electronic Health Records Prior to and during the COVID-19 Pandemic.” BMJ Mental Health, vol. 26, no. 1, 2023, pp. e300842–e300842.

Chicago Style

McElroy, E, E Herrett, K Patel, et al. 2023. “Living Alone and Mental Health: Parallel Analyses in UK Longitudinal Population Surveys and Electronic Health Records Prior to and during the COVID-19 Pandemic.” BMJ Mental Health 26 (1): e300842–e300842.
Print