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Scaffolding the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder brain using transcranial direct current and random noise stimulation: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract:

Objective

Improving symptomology and cognitive deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders is a crucial challenge. We examined whether neurostimulation protocols, which have been shown to yield long-term effects when combined with cognitive training, could benefit children with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD), the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood.

Methods

We used a randomized double-blind active-controlled crossover study of 19 unmedicated children with ADHD, who received either anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) or random noise stimulation (tRNS) over the bilateral dlPFC, while completing executive functions training.

Results

For our primary outcome, tRNS yielded a clinical improvement as indicated by the reduced ADHD rating-scale score from baseline, and in comparison to the changes observed in tDCS. The effect of brain stimulation one week after completion of treatment yielded further improvement, suggesting a neuroplasticity-related effect. Finally, tRNS improved working memory compared to tDCS, and a larger tRNS effect on ADHD rating-scale was predicted for those who showed the greatest improvement in working memory.

Conclusions

We found that our intervention can have a lasting effect, rather than a merely immediate effect as was shown for in previous medical interventions in ADHD.

Significance

Our results provide a promising direction toward a novel intervention in ADHD.
Publication status:
Published
Peer review status:
Peer reviewed

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Publisher copy:
10.1016/j.clinph.2021.01.005

Authors


More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MSD
Department:
Experimental Psychology
Oxford college:
Jesus College
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-5564-5469


Publisher:
Elsevier
Journal:
Clinical Neurophysiology More from this journal
Volume:
132
Issue:
3
Pages:
699-707
Publication date:
2021-07-27
Acceptance date:
2021-01-08
DOI:
ISSN:
1388-2457


Language:
English
Keywords:
Pubs id:
1152606
Local pid:
pubs:1152606
Deposit date:
2021-01-08

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