Validity of KineFeet for Assessing Medial Longitudinal Arch Deformation During Gait in Individuals with Flat and Non–Flat Feet

Journal article

Background: Accurate assessment of medial longitudinal arch (MLA) deformation during gait is essential for diagnosing and managing foot-related musculoskeletal disorders. KineFeet is a novel, depth-camera–based web application developed for real-time foot kinematic analysis. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of KineFeet in measuring MLA angles during the stance phase of walking. Methods: A total of 89 healthy adults (74.2% female; mean age: 30.9 ± 2.5 years) were recruited and classified into flat-footed and non-flat-footed groups based on the navicular drop test. Each participant walked on a treadmill while MLA angles were recorded using KineFeet and manually measured using Kinovea software as a reference. Measurements were taken across seven subphases of the stance phase. Statistical agreement and correlation with static foot posture were analyzed. Results: In non-flat-footed individuals, MLA angles obtained from KineFeet showed no significant differences compared to Kinovea across all stance subphases (p > 0.05), indicating good validity. However, in flat-footed participants, significant discrepancies were observed in the initial contact, loading response, and midstance phases (p < 0.05). Weak positive correlations were found between navicular drop test scores and dynamic MLA angles, particularly during initial contact, hallux extension, and initial swing (r = 0.23–0.29). Conclusion: KineFeet demonstrated acceptable validity for assessing medial longitudinal arch (MLA) dynamics in individuals with normal foot posture and showed potential for clinical use in detecting flexible flatfoot deformities during walking. Further algorithm refinement is recommended to enhance its accuracy, particularly for early stance phases in individuals with flat feet.

Authors: Anestherita, F; Tulaar, ABM; Rachmawati, MR; Yunir, E; Saksono Harbuwono, D

• Publication status: Published
• Peer review status: Peer reviewed
• Publisher: Indonesian Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Association
• Journal: Indonesian Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation More from this journal
• Volume: 14
• Issue: 2
• Pages: 170-176
• Publication date: 2025-12-24
• DOI: 10.36803/indojpmr.v14i2.492
• ISSN: 2252-8199
• Language: English
• Keywords: foot posture; navicular drop test; depth camera; stance phase; measurement validity; foot kinematics; medial longitudinal arch; pes planus; flexible flatfoot; treadmill walking; gait analysis