Deuterium-reinforced polyunsaturated fatty acids protect against atherosclerosis by lowering lipid peroxidation and hypercholesterolemia

Journal article

Background and aims Oxidative modification of lipoproteins is a crucial step in atherosclerosis development. Isotopic-reinforced polyunsaturated fatty acids (D-PUFAs) are more resistant to reactive oxygen species-initiated chain reaction of lipid peroxidation than regular hydrogenated (H-)PUFAs. We aimed at investigating the effect of D-PUFA treatment on lipid peroxidation, hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis development. Methods Transgenic APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice, a well-established model for human-like lipoprotein metabolism, were pre-treated with D-PUFAs or control H-PUFAs-containing diet (1.2%, w/w) for 4 weeks. Thereafter, mice were fed a Western-type diet (containing 0.15% cholesterol, w/w) for another 12 weeks, while continuing the D-/H-PUFA treatment. Results D-PUFA treatment markedly decreased hepatic and plasma F2-isoprostanes (approx. −80%) and prostaglandin F2α (approx. −40%) as compared to H-PUFA treatment. Moreover, D-PUFAs reduced body weight gain during the study (−54%) by decreasing body fat mass gain (−87%) without altering lean mass. D-PUFAs consistently reduced plasma total cholesterol levels (approx. −25%), as reflected in reduced plasma non-HDL-cholesterol (−28%). Additional analyses of hepatic cholesterol metabolism indicated that D-PUFAs reduced the hepatic cholesterol content (−21%). Sterol markers of intestinal cholesterol absorption and cholesterol breakdown were decreased. Markers of cholesterol synthesis were increased. Finally, D-PUFAs reduced atherosclerotic lesion area formation throughout the aortic root of the heart (−26%). Conclusions D-PUFAs reduce body weight gain, improve cholesterol handling and reduce atherosclerosis development by reducing lipid peroxidation and plasma cholesterol levels. D-PUFAs, therefore, represent a promising new strategy to broadly reduce rates of lipid peroxidation, and combat hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular diseases.

Authors: Berbée, J; Mol, I; Milne, G; Pollock, E; Hoeke, G

• Publication status: Published
• Peer review status: Peer reviewed
• Publisher: Elsevier
• Journal: Atherosclerosis
• Volume: 264
• Pages: 100-107
• Publication date: 2017-06-21
• Acceptance date: 2017-06-20
• DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.06.916
• ISSN: 0021-9150
• Keywords: hypercholesterolemia; atherosclerosis; polyunsaturated fatty acids; cholesterol metabolism; lipid peroxidation