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Patched 1 reduces the accessibility of cholesterol in the outer leaflet of membranes

Abstract:
Cells coordinate nearly countless numbers of signaling reactions within them at any given time. To distinguish between different signaling inputs and outputs, cells utilize spatially compartmentalized signaling hubs to regulate their biochemical processes. We review how the primary cilium, an organelle specialized in intracellular signaling, utilizes lipids to create a specialized microenvironment. Hedgehog (HH) signaling in vertebrates is dependent on the primary cilium, an organelle that scaffolds signal transduction. HH signals induce Smoothened (SMO) enrichment in the cilium and indirectly triggers the conversion of GLI proteins into transcriptional activators of HH target genes. Recently, SMO has been shown to inhibit protein kinase A (PKA). To test the hypothesis that SMO specifically inhibits PKA at cilia to activate the HH signal transduction pathway, we developed a ciliary PKA biosensor. Activation of the HH signal transduction pathway by either Sonic hedgehog (SHH) or SMO agonist (SAG) inhibited ciliary PKA activity. Blocking SMO phosphorylation by GRK2/3 prevented ciliary SMO from inhibiting ciliary PKA activity. Gai/o was dispensable for SMO inhibition of ciliary PKA. In contrast, mutating the SMO C-terminal tail protein kinase inhibitor (PKI) pseudosubstrate site interfered with the ability of SMO to inhibit ciliary PKA. Therefore, HH signaling is transduced via SMO direct inhibition of PKA at cilia, in a manner dependent on GRK2/3
Publication status:
Published
Peer review status:
Peer reviewed

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Publisher copy:
10.7554/elife.70504
Publication website:
https://escholarship.org/content/qt0gt9v55z/qt0gt9v55z.pdf

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Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-7344-8231
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Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-7684-9612
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Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-9114-7432
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Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-6627-8668
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Institution:
University of Oxford
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0001-5375-9692


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Funder identifier:
10.13039/100000010
Grant:
Predoctoral Fellowship
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Funder identifier:
10.13039/501100001674
Grant:
19CVD04
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Funder identifier:
10.13039/100000001
Grant:
Predoctoral Fellowship
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Funder identifier:
10.13039/501100001459
Grant:
MOE2017-T2-2-001
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Funder identifier:
10.13039/100000928
Grant:
I-1793


Publisher:
eLife Sciences Publications
Journal:
eLife More from this journal
Volume:
10
Pages:
e70504
Article number:
e70504
Publication date:
2021-10-26
Acceptance date:
2021-10-25
DOI:
EISSN:
2050-084X
ISSN:
2050-084X


Language:
English
Keywords:
Pubs id:
1211099
Local pid:
pubs:1211099
Source identifiers:
W3209305865
Deposit date:
2026-04-08
ARK identifier:
This ORA record was generated from metadata provided by an external service. It has not been edited by the ORA Team.

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