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IV and oral fosfomycin pharmacokinetics in neonates with suspected clinical sepsis

Abstract:
Background Fosfomycin has the potential to be re-purposed as part of a combination therapy to treat neonatal sepsis where resistance to current standard of care (SOC) is common. Limited data exist on neonatal fosfomycin pharmacokinetics and estimates of bioavailability and CSF/plasma ratio in this vulnerable population are lacking. Objectives To generate data informing the appropriate dosing of IV and oral fosfomycin in neonates using a population pharmacokinetic analysis of plasma and CSF data. Methods The NeoFosfo study (NCT03453177) was a randomized trial that examined the safety and pharmacokinetics of fosfomycin comparing SOC versus SOC plus fosfomycin. Sixty-one neonates received fosfomycin (100 mg/kg IV q12h for 48 h) and then they converted to oral therapy at the same dose. Two plasma pharmacokinetic samples were taken following the first IV and oral doses, sample times were randomized to cover the whole pharmacokinetic profile and opportunistic CSF pharmacokinetic samples were collected. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed in NONMEM and simulations were performed. Results In total, 238 plasma and 15 CSF concentrations were collected. A two-compartment disposition model, with an additional CSF compartment and first-order absorption, best described the data. Bioavailability was estimated as 0.48 (95% CI = 0.347–0.775) and the CSF/plasma ratio as 0.32 (95% CI = 0.272–0.409). Allometric weight and postmenstrual age (PMA) scaling was applied; additional covariates included postnatal age (PNA) on clearance and CSF protein on CSF/plasma ratio. Conclusions Through this analysis a population pharmacokinetic model has been developed that can be used alongside currently available pharmacodynamic targets to select a neonatal fosfomycin dose based on an infant’s PMA, PNA and weight.
Publication status:
Published
Peer review status:
Peer reviewed

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Publisher copy:
10.1093/jac/dkab083

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Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-5596-8532


Publisher:
Oxford University Press
Journal:
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy More from this journal
Volume:
76
Issue:
7
Pages:
1855-1864
Publication date:
2021-04-14
Acceptance date:
2021-02-20
DOI:
EISSN:
1460-2091
ISSN:
0305-7453
Pmid:
33855449


Language:
English
Keywords:
Pubs id:
1185849
Local pid:
pubs:1185849
Deposit date:
2021-07-13

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