Journal article
The costs of bipolar disorder in the United Kingdom
- Abstract:
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Objectives
To estimate the individual cost and population-level economic burden of Bipolar Disorder (BD), and explore the impact of clinical and sociodemographic factors on costs in the United Kingdom.Methods
Annual UK health care, social care and societal cost data were collected from a prospective cohort of 91 BD patients using digital monitoring of symptoms. Costs (in £) were calculated for the year of resource use collection (2010–2011) and main results inflated to year 2018–2019. A Generalized Estimating Equation framework was used to investigate individual factors influencing costs. An economic burden estimate was derived by multiplying the mean annual cost per patient with literature-based population prevalence.Results
The average annual cost of BD per patient was £12,617 (SE = ±£1085) or £14,938 (SE = ±£1281) at 2018–2019 prices with 68% of the total costs attributed to lost productivity and informal care, 31% to health care costs, 1% to private out-of-pocket expenses, and 0.5% to social care costs. A unit increase in average levels of depressive or manic symptoms were associated with 7% and 11% higher societal costs, respectively. The estimated annual prevalence of BD in the United Kingdom was 0.8% resulting in a population-level economic burden estimate of £5.1 billion for 2010–2011 or £6.43 billion for 2018–2019.Conclusions
BD is a disease of substantial costs in the United Kingdom with the majority of the economic burden falling outside the health care system in the form of productivity losses and informal care. These costs highly correlate with patient outcomes highlighting further needs for improved treatment efforts into functionality.
- Publication status:
- Published
- Peer review status:
- Peer reviewed
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(Preview, Version of record, pdf, 1.1MB, Terms of use)
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- Publisher copy:
- 10.1002/brb3.2351
Authors
- Publisher:
- Wiley
- Journal:
- Brain and Behavior More from this journal
- Volume:
- 11
- Issue:
- 10
- Article number:
- e2351
- Publication date:
- 2021-09-15
- Acceptance date:
- 2021-08-22
- DOI:
- EISSN:
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157-9032
- ISSN:
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2162-3279
- Pmid:
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34523820
- Language:
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English
- Keywords:
- Pubs id:
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1196091
- Local pid:
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pubs:1196091
- Deposit date:
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2022-10-13
Terms of use
- Copyright holder:
- Simon et al.
- Copyright date:
- 2021
- Rights statement:
- © 2021 The Authors. Brain and Behavior published by Wiley Periodicals LLC This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
- Licence:
- CC Attribution (CC BY)
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