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Journal article : Review

Effect of planned pauses versus continuous energy restriction on weight loss and attrition: a systematic review

Abstract:
Objective
The objective of this study was to investigate whether pausing a weight loss program for a defined period of time could enhance weight loss and reduce attrition.
Methods
Five databases and two trial registries were searched from inception to July 2023. Randomized-controlled trials of adults with overweight and/or obesity were included if they compared planned-pause interventions with continuous energy restriction (CER), usual care, or a minimal intervention. To be included, the weight loss intervention must have incorporated a pause of at least 1 week. Pooled mean differences for weight change and risk ratios for attrition were calculated using random-effects meta-analyses.
Results
Nine intervention arms (N = 796 participants, 77% female) were included. Pooled results did not detect a significant difference in weight change between planned pauses and CER interventions at the end of the active intervention at a median 26 weeks (planned pauses vs. CER mean: −7.09 vs. −7.0 kg; mean difference: −0.09 kg; 95% CI: −1.10 to 0.93) or at final follow-up at a median 52 weeks (planned pauses vs. CER mean: −6.91 vs. −6.19 kg; mean difference: −0.72 kg; 95% CI: −2.92 to 1.48). There was no difference in attrition between planned pauses and CER interventions at the end of the active intervention (risk ratio: 1.20, 95% CI: 0.82 to 1.75) or at final follow-up (risk ratio: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.89 to 1.22).
Conclusions
Planned pauses were consistently found to be no more or less effective than CER for weight loss or attrition.
Publication status:
Published
Peer review status:
Peer reviewed

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Files:
Publisher copy:
10.1002/oby.23976

Authors

More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MSD
Department:
Primary Care Health Sciences
Oxford college:
Somerville College
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0001-9262-7043
More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MSD
Department:
Primary Care Health Sciences
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-1955-7234
More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MSD
Department:
Primary Care Health Sciences
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0003-1424-712X
More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MSD
Department:
Primary Care Health Sciences
Oxford college:
St Hilda's College
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0003-3530-2431
More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MSD
Department:
Primary Care Health Sciences
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0001-7030-1106


More from this funder
Funder identifier:
https://ror.org/02nv4he32
Grant:
NIHR302549
More from this funder
Funder identifier:
https://ror.org/0187kwz08
Grant:
NIHR302549


Publisher:
Wiley
Journal:
Obesity More from this journal
Volume:
32
Issue:
3
Pages:
454-465
Place of publication:
United States
Publication date:
2024-01-21
Acceptance date:
2023-12-01
DOI:
EISSN:
1930-739X
ISSN:
1930-7381
Pmid:
38246879


Language:
English
Subtype:
Review
Pubs id:
1604490
Local pid:
pubs:1604490
Deposit date:
2025-03-05
ARK identifier:

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