Surgery and statistics in 3D gravity

Journal article

A bstract We extend the correspondence between universal statistical features of large- c 2d CFTs and surgery methods in pure AdS 3 quantum gravity. In particular, we introduce a method that we call RMT surgery, which relates a large class of off-shell partition functions in 3D gravity to the spectral statistics of general CFT observables. We apply this method to construct and compute an off-shell Euclidean wormhole whose boundaries are four-punctured spheres, which captures level repulsion in the high-energy sector of the boundary CFT. Using a similar gluing prescription, we also explore a new class of off-shell torus wormholes with trumpet boundaries, contributing to statistical moments of the density of primary states. Lastly, we demonstrate that surgery methods can be used as an intermediate step towards computing Seifert manifolds directly in 3D gravity.

Authors: de Boer, J; Kames-King, J; Post, B

• Publication status: Published
• Peer review status: Peer reviewed
• Publisher: Springer
• Journal: Journal of High Energy Physics
• Volume: 2026
• Issue: 8
• Article number: 1
• Publication date: 2026-08-03
• DOI: 10.1007/jhep08(2026)001
• EISSN: 1029-8479
• ISSN: 1126-6708
• Language: English
• Keywords: Construct (python library); Euclidean geometry; Euclidean distance; Boundary (topology); Wormhole; Class (philosophy); Partition (number theory); Statistical analysis; Torus