'Green revolution' genes encode mutant gibberellin response modulators.

Journal article

World wheat grain yields increased substantially in the 1960s and 1970s because farmers rapidly adopted the new varieties and cultivation methods of the so-called 'green revolution'. The new varieties are shorter, increase grain yield at the expense of straw biomass, and are more resistant to damage by wind and rain. These wheats are short because they respond abnormally to the plant growth hormone gibberellin. This reduced response to gibberellin is conferred by mutant dwarfing alleles at one of two Reduced height-1 (Rht-B1 and Rht-D1) loci. Here we show that Rht-B1/Rht-D1 and maize dwarf-8 (d8) are orthologues of the Arabidopsis Gibberellin Insensitive (GAI) gene. These genes encode proteins that resemble nuclear transcription factors and contain an SH2-like domain, indicating that phosphotyrosine may participate in gibberellin signalling. Six different orthologous dwarfing mutant alleles encode proteins that are altered in a conserved amino-terminal gibberellin signalling domain. Transgenic rice plants containing a mutant GAI allele give reduced responses to gibberellin and are dwarfed, indicating that mutant GAI orthologues could be used to increase yield in a wide range of crop species.

Authors: Peng, J; Richards, D; Hartley, N; Murphy, G; Devos, K

• Publication status: Published
• Journal: Nature
• Volume: 400
• Issue: 6741
• Pages: 256-261
• Publication date: 1999-07-01
• DOI: 10.1038/22307
• EISSN: 1476-4687
• ISSN: 0028-0836
• Language: English
• Keywords: Triticum; Transformation, Genetic; Alleles; Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Genes, Plant; Zea mays; Mutation; Molecular Sequence Data; Expressed Sequence Tags; Cloning, Molecular; Gibberellins; Transcription Factors; Oryza sativa; Amino Acid Sequence; Chromosome Mapping; Plant Proteins