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Phylogeographic assessment reveals geographic sources of HIV-1 dissemination among men who have sex with men in Kenya

Abstract:
HIV-1 transmission dynamics involving men who have sex with men (MSM) in Africa are not well understood. We investigated the rates of HIV-1 transmission between MSM across three regions in Kenya: Coast, Nairobi, and Nyanza. We analyzed 372 HIV-1 partial pol sequences sampled during 2006–2019 from MSM in Coast (N = 178, 47.9%), Nairobi (N = 137, 36.8%), and Nyanza (N = 57, 15.3%) provinces in Kenya. Maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogenetics and Bayesian inference were used to determine HIV-1 clusters, evolutionary dynamics, and virus migration rates between geographic regions. HIV-1 sub-subtype A1 (72.0%) was most common followed by subtype D (11.0%), unique recombinant forms (8.9%), subtype C (5.9%), CRF 21A2D (0.8%), subtype G (0.8%), CRF 16A2D (0.3%), and subtype B (0.3%). Forty-six clusters (size range 2–20 sequences) were found—half (50.0%) of which had evidence of extensive HIV-1 mixing among different provinces. Data revealed an exponential increase in infections among MSM during the early-to-mid 2000s and stable or decreasing transmission dynamics in recent years (2017–2019). Phylogeographic inference showed significant (Bayes factor, BF > 3) HIV-1 dissemination from Coast to Nairobi and Nyanza provinces, and from Nairobi to Nyanza province. Strengthening HIV-1 prevention programs to MSM in geographic locations with higher HIV-1 prevalence among MSM (such as Coast and Nairobi) may reduce HIV-1 incidence among MSM in Kenya.
Publication status:
Published
Peer review status:
Peer reviewed

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Publisher copy:
10.3389/fmicb.2022.843330

Authors



Publisher:
Frontiers Media
Journal:
Frontiers in Microbiology More from this journal
Volume:
13
Article number:
843330
Publication date:
2022-03-09
Acceptance date:
2022-01-19
DOI:
EISSN:
1664-302X


Language:
English
Keywords:
Pubs id:
1233011
Local pid:
pubs:1233011
Deposit date:
2022-01-19

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