Journal article
Phylogeographic assessment reveals geographic sources of HIV-1 dissemination among men who have sex with men in Kenya
- Abstract:
- HIV-1 transmission dynamics involving men who have sex with men (MSM) in Africa are not well understood. We investigated the rates of HIV-1 transmission between MSM across three regions in Kenya: Coast, Nairobi, and Nyanza. We analyzed 372 HIV-1 partial pol sequences sampled during 2006–2019 from MSM in Coast (N = 178, 47.9%), Nairobi (N = 137, 36.8%), and Nyanza (N = 57, 15.3%) provinces in Kenya. Maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogenetics and Bayesian inference were used to determine HIV-1 clusters, evolutionary dynamics, and virus migration rates between geographic regions. HIV-1 sub-subtype A1 (72.0%) was most common followed by subtype D (11.0%), unique recombinant forms (8.9%), subtype C (5.9%), CRF 21A2D (0.8%), subtype G (0.8%), CRF 16A2D (0.3%), and subtype B (0.3%). Forty-six clusters (size range 2–20 sequences) were found—half (50.0%) of which had evidence of extensive HIV-1 mixing among different provinces. Data revealed an exponential increase in infections among MSM during the early-to-mid 2000s and stable or decreasing transmission dynamics in recent years (2017–2019). Phylogeographic inference showed significant (Bayes factor, BF > 3) HIV-1 dissemination from Coast to Nairobi and Nyanza provinces, and from Nairobi to Nyanza province. Strengthening HIV-1 prevention programs to MSM in geographic locations with higher HIV-1 prevalence among MSM (such as Coast and Nairobi) may reduce HIV-1 incidence among MSM in Kenya.
- Publication status:
- Published
- Peer review status:
- Peer reviewed
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(Preview, Version of record, 2.1MB, Terms of use)
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- Publisher copy:
- 10.3389/fmicb.2022.843330
Authors
- Publisher:
- Frontiers Media
- Journal:
- Frontiers in Microbiology More from this journal
- Volume:
- 13
- Article number:
- 843330
- Publication date:
- 2022-03-09
- Acceptance date:
- 2022-01-19
- DOI:
- EISSN:
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1664-302X
- Language:
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English
- Keywords:
- Pubs id:
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1233011
- Local pid:
-
pubs:1233011
- Deposit date:
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2022-01-19
Terms of use
- Copyright holder:
- Nduva et al.
- Copyright date:
- 2022
- Rights statement:
- Copyright © 2022 Nduva, Otieno, Kimani, McKinnon, Cholette, Sandstrom, Graham, Price, Smith, Bailey, Hassan, Esbjörnsson and Sanders. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
- Licence:
- CC Attribution (CC BY)
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