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Journal article

Time to reconsider the routine use of tourniquets in total knee arthroplasty surgery: an abridged version of a Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract:

Aims

Many surgeons choose to perform total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery with the aid of a tourniquet. A tourniquet is a device that fits around the leg and restricts blood flow to the limb. There is a need to understand whether tourniquets are safe, and if they benefit, or harm, patients. The aim of this study was to determine the benefits and harms of tourniquet use in TKA surgery.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials, and trial registries up to 26 March 2020. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), comparing TKA with a tourniquet versus without a tourniquet. Outcomes included: pain, function, serious adverse events (SAEs), blood loss, implant stability, duration of surgery, and length of hospital stay.

Results

We included 41 RCTs with 2,819 participants. SAEs were significantly more common in the tourniquet group (53/901 vs 26/898, tourniquet vs no tourniquet respectively) (risk ratio 1.73 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10 to 2.73). The mean pain score on the first postoperative day was 1.25 points higher (95% CI 0.32 to 2.19) in the tourniquet group. Overall blood loss did not differ between groups (mean difference 8.61 ml; 95% CI -83.76 to 100.97). The mean length of hospital stay was 0.34 days longer in the group that had surgery with a tourniquet (95% CI 0.03 to 0.64) and the mean duration of surgery was 3.7 minutes shorter (95% CI -5.53 to -1.87).

Conclusion

TKA with a tourniquet is associated with an increased risk of SAEs, pain, and a marginally longer hospital stay. The only finding in favour of tourniquet use was a shorter time in theatre. The results make it difficult to justify the routine use of a tourniquet in TKA surgery.
Publication status:
Published
Peer review status:
Peer reviewed

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Files:
Publisher copy:
10.1302/0301-620x.103b.bjj-2020-1926.r1

Authors


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Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-0309-1708
More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MSD
Department:
NDORMS
Sub department:
Botnar Research Centre
Oxford college:
Worcester College
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-4258-5866


Publisher:
British Editorial Society of Bone and Joint Surgery
Journal:
Bone and Joint Journal More from this journal
Volume:
103-B
Issue:
5
Pages:
830-839
Publication date:
2021-03-08
DOI:
EISSN:
2049-4408
ISSN:
2049-4394
Pmid:
33683139


Language:
English
Keywords:
Pubs id:
1166740
Local pid:
pubs:1166740
Deposit date:
2021-10-29

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