Aetiology and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Common Bacterial Infections in Hospitalised Patients: A 2019 Multisite Cross‐Sectional Survey in Jakarta, Indonesia

Journal article

Objectives: To describe the aetiology and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of common bacterial infections in hospitalised patients in Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods: We conducted a hospital‐wide point prevalence survey in six hospitals in 2019, capturing data from routinely ordered bacterial cultures taken before the start of antibiotic treatment. We report relevant bacteria‐antibiotic combinations for Escherichia coli and the ESKAPE group of pathogens. Results: A total of 562 patients (52% women, median age 46 years) were diagnosed with 587 infections, comprising 414 community‐acquired and 173 hospital‐acquired infections, with pneumonia most frequent (258, 44%). From 615 samples collected, 279 (45%) bacterial isolates were identified, of which 213 (76%) gram‐negative, including Klebsiella pneumoniae (68, 24%), Escherichia coli (37, 13%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (35, 13%) among others, and 66 (24%) gram‐positive, including Enterococcus faecalis (17, 6%) and Staphylococcus aureus (11, 4%) among others. Proportions of bacteria resistant to third‐generation cephalosporins (3GC) were 75% (47/63) for Klebsiella pneumoniae , and 69% (22/32) for E. coli , and to carbapenems 64% (7/11) for Acinetobacter spp., 60% (3/5) for Enterobacter spp., 43% (3/7) for E. coli, 30% (7/23) for P. aeruginosa and 29% (9/31) for K. pneumoniae . Four of 11 S. aureus isolates were methicillin‐resistant. A blood culture was done in only 52% (16/31) of sepsis patients, and the results of positive blood cultures were reported after a median of 4 days. Conclusions: This survey identified that a high proportion of common gram‐negative bacteria exhibited reduced susceptibility to first‐choice antibiotics and considerable underuse of bacterial cultures. These findings warrant enhanced infection prevention and control and antimicrobial stewardship.

Authors: de Brabander, J; Nelwan, EJ; Limato, R; Alamanda, M; Mudia, M

• Publication status: Published
• Peer review status: Peer reviewed
• Publisher: Wiley
• Journal: Tropical Medicine & International Health
• Article number: tmi.70162
• Publication date: 2026-05-29
• Acceptance date: 2026-05-06
• DOI: 10.1111/tmi.70162
• EISSN: 1365-3156
• ISSN: 1360-2276
• Language: English
• Keywords: bacterial pathogens; hospital‐acquired infection; point prevalence survey; Indonesia; antimicrobial resistance; community‐acquired infection; hospitals