Journal article
Cytokines in tendon disease - A systematic review
- Abstract:
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Objectives
Emerging evidence indicates that tendon disease is an active process with inflammation that is critical to disease onset and progression. However, the key cytokines responsible for driving and sustaining inflammation have not been identified.
Methods
We performed a systematic review of the literature using MEDLINE (U.S. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland) in March 2017. Studies reporting the expression of interleukins (ILs), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interferon gamma in diseased human tendon tissues, and animal models of tendon injury or exercise in comparison with healthy control tissues were included.
Results
IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α are the cytokines that have been most frequently investigated. In clinical samples of tendinopathy and tendon tears, the expression of TNF-α tended not to change but IL-6 increased in tears. Healthy human tendons showed increased IL-6 expression after exercise; however, IL-10 remained unchanged. Animal tendon injury models showed that IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α tend to increase from the early phase of tendon healing. In animal exercise studies, IL-1β expression showed a tendency to increase at the early stage after exercise, but IL-10 expression remained unchanged with exercise.
Conclusions
This review highlights the roles of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α in the development of tendon disease, during tendon healing, and in response to exercise. However, there is evidence accumulating that suggests that other cytokines are also contributing to tendon inflammatory processes. Further work with hypothesis-free methods is warranted in order to identify the key cytokines, with subsequent mechanistic and interaction studies to elucidate their roles in tendon disease development.
- Publication status:
- Published
- Peer review status:
- Peer reviewed
Actions
Access Document
- Files:
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(Preview, Version of record, pdf, 639.1KB, Terms of use)
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- Publisher copy:
- 10.1302/2046-3758.612.BJR-2017-0112.R1
Authors
- Funding agency for:
- Morita, W
- Publisher:
- British Editorial Society of Bone and Joint Surgery
- Journal:
- Bone and Joint Research More from this journal
- Volume:
- 6
- Issue:
- 12
- Pages:
- 656-664
- Publication date:
- 2017-12-04
- Acceptance date:
- 2017-08-21
- DOI:
- EISSN:
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2046-3758
- Pmid:
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29203638
- Language:
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English
- Keywords:
- Pubs id:
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pubs:810954
- UUID:
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uuid:137b6db4-92ce-4195-80ff-3bff02eb2fed
- Local pid:
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pubs:810954
- Source identifiers:
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810954
- Deposit date:
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2018-09-17
Terms of use
- Copyright holder:
- Morita et al
- Copyright date:
- 2017
- Notes:
- © 2017 Morita et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attributions licence (CC-BY- NC), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, but not for commercial gain, provided the original author and source are credited.
- Licence:
- CC Attribution (CC BY)
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