Pharmacokinetics of oral and intravenous ofloxacin in children with multidrug-resistant typhoid fever.

Bethell, D; Day, N; Dung, N; McMullin, C; Loan, H; Tam, D; Minh, LT; Linh, N; Dung, N; Vinh, H; MacGowan, A; White, L; White, N

Journal article

Pharmacokinetics of oral and intravenous ofloxacin in children with multidrug-resistant typhoid fever.

Abstract:: The pharmacokinetics of oral and intravenous ofloxacin (7.5 mg.kg of body weight-1 given over 30 min) were studied in an open crossover study of 17 Vietnamese children, aged between 5 and 14 years, with acute uncomplicated typhoid fever. Following oral administration, the median (95% confidence interval [CI]) time to peak concentration of ofloxacin in serum (Cmax) was 1.7 h (1.4 to 1.9 h) and the mean (95% CI) Cmax was 5.5 mg.liter-1 (4.7 to 6.3 mg.liter-1) compared with a Cmax of 8.7 mg.liter-1 (7.6 to 9.7 mg.liter-1) following the intravenous infusion. The median (95% CI) total apparent volume of distribution following the first intravenous dose, 1.35 liter.kg-1 (1.17 to 1.73 liter.kg-1), was significantly larger than that following the second dose, 0.99 liter.kg-1 (0.86 to 1.17 liter.kg-1; P < 0.0005), although the estimates for systemic clearance were similar: 0.255 liter.kg-1 h-1 (0.147 to 0.325 liter.kg-1 h-1) compared with 0.172 liter.kg-1 h-1 (0.127 to 0.292 liter.kg-1 h-1; P = 0.14). The mean residence times (95% CI) following intravenous and oral administration were similar: 5.24 h (4.84 to 6.58 h) and 6.24 h (5.32 to 7.85 h), respectively. The mean (95% CI) oral bioavailability was 91% (74 to 109%). The peak concentrations in serum were 10 to 100 times higher than the maximum MICs for ofloxacin against multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhi isolated in this area. Although the systemic clearance values were higher than those reported previously for adults, these data overall suggest that weight-or area-adjusted dose regimens for the treatment of typhoid in older children should be the same as those for adults.

Publication status:: Published

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APA Style

Bethell, D., Day, N., Dung, N., McMullin, C., Loan, H., Tam, D., Minh, L. T., Linh, N., Dung, N., Vinh, H., MacGowan, A., White, L., & White, N. (1996). Pharmacokinetics of oral and intravenous ofloxacin in children with multidrug-resistant typhoid fever. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 40(9), 2167–2172.

MLA Style

Bethell, D, et al. “Pharmacokinetics of Oral and Intravenous Ofloxacin in Children with Multidrug-Resistant Typhoid Fever.” Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol. 40, no. 9, 1996, pp. 2167–72.

Chicago Style

Bethell, D, N Day, N Dung, et al. 1996. “Pharmacokinetics of Oral and Intravenous Ofloxacin in Children with Multidrug-Resistant Typhoid Fever.” Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 40 (9): 2167–72.
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