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Intrahepatic fat and postprandial glycaemia increase after consumption of a diet enriched in saturated fat compared to free sugars

Abstract:

Objective: Debate continues regarding the influence of dietary fats and sugars on the risk of developing metabolic diseases, including insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated the effect of two eucaloric diets, one enriched with saturated fat (SFA), the other enriched with free sugars (SUGAR), on intrahepatic triacylglycerol (IHTAG) content, hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and whole-body postprandial metabolism in overweight males.

Research design and methods: Sixteen overweight males were randomized to consume the SFA or SUGAR diet for 4 weeks before consuming the alternate diet after a 7-week washout period. The metabolic effects of the respective diets on IHTAG content, hepatic DNL and whole-body metabolism were investigated using imaging techniques and metabolic substrates labelled with stable-isotope tracers.

Results: Consumption of the SFA diet significantly increased IHTAG by 39.0±10.0% (mean±SEM), whilst after the SUGAR diet IHTAG was virtually unchanged. Consumption of the SFA diet induced an exaggerated postprandial glucose and insulin response to a mixed test meal compared to SUGAR. Although whole-body fat oxidation, lipolysis and DNL were similar following the two diets, consumption of the SUGAR diet resulted in significant (p<0.05) decreases in plasma total, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol, and fasting β-hydroxybutyrate plasma concentrations.

Conclusions: Consumption of a SFA diet had a potent effect, increasing IHTAG together with exaggerating postprandial glycaemia. The SUGAR diet did not influence IHTAG, and induced minor metabolic changes. Our findings indicate that a diet enriched in SFA is more harmful to metabolic health than a diet enriched in free-sugars.

Publication status:
Published
Peer review status:
Peer reviewed

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Publisher copy:
10.2337/dc19-2331

Authors

More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MSD
Department:
RDM
Sub department:
OCDEM
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-9037-1619
More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MSD
Department:
RDM
Sub department:
OCDEM
Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-1361-4349
More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MSD
Department:
RDM
Sub department:
OCDEM
Role:
Author
More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MSD
Department:
RDM
Sub department:
OCDEM
Role:
Author
More by this author
Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MSD
Department:
RDM
Sub department:
OCDEM
Role:
Author


Publisher:
American Diabetes Association
Journal:
Diabetes Care More from this journal
Volume:
43
Issue:
5-6
Pages:
1134-1141
Publication date:
2020-03-12
Acceptance date:
2020-02-25
DOI:
EISSN:
1935-5548
ISSN:
0149-5992


Language:
English
Keywords:
Pubs id:
1089011
Local pid:
pubs:1089011
Deposit date:
2020-02-26
ARK identifier:

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