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Mortality in People with Type 2 Diabetes Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Population Level Analysis of Potential Risk Factors

Abstract:
Air quality stands out as an important determinant of health, as its degradation was associated with around 4.2 million premature deaths in 2019, primarily due to heart and respiratory problems. It is shown that the elderly, the children, and individuals with pre-existing health conditions are simultaneously more sensitive to the impacts of air pollution and Covid-19, due to their fragile immune systems. Scientific evidence has shown the consequences of exposure to air pollutants to respiratory system diseases, emphasizing that it could be an important factor in explaining the spatial pattern of Covid-19 incidence and mortality. The aim of this study is to analyze the spatial association between air pollutant PM₂.₅ and the incidence and mortality of Covid-19 during March and December of 2020 in mainland Portugal. Weighted geographical models (GWR), were applied to identify and understand patterns, as well as explanatory factors in this relationship. The results obtained through the GWR models reveal that the pollutant PM₂.₅ has an association that varies in space. The incidence rate is higher in the southern, central, and northern regions of the country. The results of this study contribute to the analysis and assessment of the impact of air pollutants on human health, specifically in relation to health outcomes associated with Covid-19. It became evident that the concentration of PM₂.₅ is an important factor in explaining Covid-19 incidence rate in Portugal.A qualidade do ar destaca-se como um importante determinante para a saúde, uma vez que a sua degradação está associada a cerca de 4,2 milhões de óbitos prematuros, no ano de 2019, principalmente devido a problemas cardíacos e respiratórios. Não obstante, idosos, crianças e indivíduos com condições de saúde pré-existentes são mais sensíveis aos impactos da poluição atmosférica e da Covid-19, devido ao seu frágil sistema imunitário. Evidência científica retrata a influência da exposição a poluentes atmosféricos na resposta inflamatória no sistema respiratório, destacando que poderá ser um fator importante para explicar o padrão espacial da incidência e mortalidade por Covid-19. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a correlação espacial e associação entre o poluente PM₂ꓹ₅ e a incidência e mortalidade por Covid-19, durante março e dezembro de 2020, em Portugal Continental. Foram aplicados modelos geográficos ponderados (GWR), para identificar e compreender padrões, bem como fatores explicativos desta relação. Os resultados obtidos através dos modelos GWR revelam que o poluente PM₂ꓹ₅ apresenta uma associação que varia no espaço. A taxa de incidência é mais elevada na região Sul, Centro e Norte do país. Os resultados deste estudo contribuem para a análise e avaliação do impacto dos poluentes atmosféricos na saúde humana, especificamente nos resultados em saúde associados à Covid-19. Tornou-se evidente que a concentração de PM₂ꓹ₅ é um fator importante para explicar a taxa de incidência, em Portugal
Publication status:
Published
Peer review status:
Peer reviewed

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Publisher copy:
10.1007/s13300-022-01259-3

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Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-9537-4050
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Author
ORCID:
0000-0001-6687-3507
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ORCID:
0000-0002-0920-1103
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ORCID:
0000-0002-5351-9960
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Author
ORCID:
0000-0003-4349-2407


Publisher:
Springer
Journal:
Diabetes Therapy: Research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders More from this journal
Volume:
13
Issue:
5
Pages:
1037-1051
Publication date:
2022-04-13
DOI:
EISSN:
1869-6961
ISSN:
1869-6953


Language:
English
Keywords:
Pubs id:
1251043
Local pid:
pubs:1251043
Source identifiers:
W4223607911
Deposit date:
2026-04-10
ARK identifier:
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