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The role of clearance mechanisms in the kinetics of toxic protein aggregates involved in neurodegenerative diseases

Abstract:
The deposition of pathological protein aggregates in the brain plays a central role in cognitive decline and structural damage associated with neurodegenerative diseases. In Alzheimer’s disease, the formation of Amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of the tau protein is associated with the appearance of symptoms and pathology. Detailed models for the specific mechanisms of aggregate formation, such as nucleation and elongation, exist for aggregation in vitro where total protein mass is conserved. However, in vivo, an additional class of mechanisms that clear pathological species is present and is believed to play an essential role in limiting the formation of aggregates and preventing or delaying the emergence of disease. A key unanswered question in the field of neuro-degeneration is how these clearance mechanisms can be modelled and how alterations in the processes of clearance or aggregation affect the stability of the system towards aggregation. Here, we generalize classical models of protein aggregation to take into account both production of monomers and the clearance of protein aggregates. We show that, depending on the specifics of the clearance process, a critical clearance value emerges above which accumulation of aggregates does not take place. Our results show that a sudden switch from a healthy to a disease state can be caused by small variations in the efficiency of the clearance process and provide a mathematical framework in which to explore the detailed effects of different mechanisms of clearance on the accumulation of aggregates.
Publication status:
Published
Peer review status:
Peer reviewed

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Publisher copy:
10.1063/5.0031650

Authors


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Institution:
University of Oxford
Division:
MPLS
Department:
Mathematical Institute
Role:
Author


Publisher:
AIP Publishing
Journal:
Journal of Chemical Physics More from this journal
Volume:
154
Issue:
12
Article number:
125101
Publication date:
2021-03-24
Acceptance date:
2021-03-05
DOI:
EISSN:
1089-7690
ISSN:
0021-9606


Language:
English
Keywords:
Pubs id:
1166519
Local pid:
pubs:1166519
Deposit date:
2021-03-08

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