Journal article
Forced summer stationary waves: the opposing effects of direct radiative forcing and sea surface warming
- Abstract:
- We investigate the opposing effects of direct radiative forcing and sea surface warming on the atmospheric circulation using a hierarchy of models. In large ensembles of three general circulation models, direct CO2 forcing produces a wavenumber 5 stationary wave over the Northern Hemisphere in summer. Sea surface warming produces a similar wave, but with the opposite sign. The waves are also present in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 ensemble with opposite signs due to direct CO2 and sea surface warming. Analyses of tropical precipitation changes and equivalent potential temperature changes and the results from a simple barotropic model show that the wave is forced from the tropics. Key forcing locations are the Western Atlantic, Eastern Atlantic and in the Indian Ocean just off the east coast of Africa. The stationary wave has a significant impact on regional temperature anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere summer, explaining some of the direct effect that CO2 concentration has on temperature extremes. Ultimately, the climate sensitivity and future changes in the land–sea temperature contrast will dictate the balance between the opposing effects on regional changes in mean and extreme temperature and precipitation under climate change.
- Publication status:
- Published
- Peer review status:
- Peer reviewed
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(Preview, Version of record, pdf, 9.4MB, Terms of use)
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(Preview, Supplementary materials, 7.5MB, Terms of use)
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- Publisher copy:
- 10.1007/s00382-019-04786-1
Authors
- Publisher:
- Springer Nature
- Journal:
- Climate Dynamics More from this journal
- Volume:
- 53
- Issue:
- 7-8
- Pages:
- 4291-4309
- Publication date:
- 2019-04-30
- Acceptance date:
- 2019-04-22
- DOI:
- ISSN:
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0930-7575
- Language:
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English
- Keywords:
- Pubs id:
-
pubs:994568
- UUID:
-
uuid:02a2d911-e5c9-4fb8-813f-dedc71ae645b
- Local pid:
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pubs:994568
- Source identifiers:
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994568
- Deposit date:
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2019-04-25
Terms of use
- Copyright holder:
- Baker et al
- Copyright date:
- 2019
- Rights statement:
- © The Authors. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
- Licence:
- CC Attribution (CC BY)
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