Journal article
Direct and indirect costs of influenza-like illness treated with and without oseltamivir in 15 European countries: a descriptive analysis alongside the randomised controlled ALIC4E trial
- Abstract:
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Background and Objective
Influenza-like illness (ILI) leads to a substantial disease burden every winter in Europe; however, oseltamivir is not frequently prescribed to ILI patients in the primary-care setting. An open-label, multi-country, multi-season, randomised controlled trial investigated the effectiveness of oseltamivir for treating ILI in 15 European countries. We aimed to evaluate whether patients presenting with ILI in primary care and being managed with the addition of oseltamivir to usual care had lower average direct and indirect costs compared to patients with usual care alone.Methods
Resource use data were extracted from participants’ daily diaries. Itemised country-specific unit costs were collected through official tariffs, pharmacies or literature. Costs were converted to 2018 values. The null hypothesis was tested based on one-sided credible intervals (CrIs) obtained by bootstrapping. Base-case analysis estimated direct cost and productivity losses using itemised costed resource use and the human capital approach. Scenario analyses with self-reported spending rather than itemised costing were also performed.Results
Patients receiving oseltamivir (N = 1306) reported fewer healthcare visits, medication uses, hospital attendances and paid-work hours lost than the other patients (N = 1298). Excluding the oseltamivir cost, the average direct costs were lower in patients treated with oseltamivir from all perspectives, but these differences were not statistically significant (perspective of patient: €17 [0–95% Crl: 16–19] vs. €24 [5–100% Crl: 18–29]; healthcare provider: €37 [28–67] vs. €44 [25–55]; healthcare payers: €54 [45–85] vs. €68 [45–81]; and society: €423 [399–478] vs. €451 [390–478]). Scenario and age-group analyses confirmed these findings, but with some between-country differences.Conclusion
The average direct and indirect costs were consistently lower in patients treated with oseltamivir than in patients without from four perspectives (excluding the oseltamivir cost). However, these differences were not statistically significant.
- Publication status:
- Published
- Peer review status:
- Peer reviewed
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(Preview, Version of record, 625.5KB, Terms of use)
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- Publisher copy:
- 10.1007/s40261-021-01057-y
Authors
- Publisher:
- Springer
- Journal:
- Clinical Drug Investigation More from this journal
- Volume:
- 41
- Issue:
- 8
- Pages:
- 685-699
- Publication date:
- 2021-07-22
- Acceptance date:
- 2021-06-20
- DOI:
- EISSN:
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1179-1918
- ISSN:
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1173-2563
- Pmid:
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34292510
- Language:
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English
- Keywords:
- Pubs id:
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1187977
- Local pid:
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pubs:1187977
- Deposit date:
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2021-09-24
Terms of use
- Copyright holder:
- Li et al.
- Copyright date:
- 2021
- Rights statement:
- © The Author(s) 2021. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
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