Mechanical failure frequently initiates at the grain level, at which intra-granular stresses are of paramount importance. Under cyclic loading conditions regions within grains that experience high values of tensile residual stress are more prone to damage processes that lead to the formation of slip bands, defects, micro-voids and fissures that induce crack nucleation and propagation. For these reasons, the knowledge and understanding of residual stress across the scales (Types I, II and III)...