One-third of reef-building corals face elevated extinction risk from climate change and local impacts.

Carpenter, KE; Abrar, M; Aeby, G; Aronson, RB; Banks, S; Bruckner, A; Chiriboga, A; Cortés, J; Delbeek, JC; Devantier, L; Edgar, GJ; Edwards, AJ; Fenner, D; Guzmán, HM; Hoeksema, BW; Hodgson, G; Johan, O; Licuanan, WY; Livingstone, SR; Lovell, ER; Moore, JA; Obura, DO; Ochavillo, D; Polidoro, BA; Precht, WF; Quibilan, MC; Reboton, C; Richards, ZT; Rogers, AD; Sanciangco, J; Sheppard, A; Sheppard, C; Smith, J; Stuart, S; Turak, E; Veron, JE; Wallace, C; Weil, E; Wood, E

Abstract:

The conservation status of 845 zooxanthellate reef-building coral species was assessed by using International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List Criteria. Of the 704 species that could be assigned conservation status, 32.8% are in categories with elevated risk of extinction. Declines in abundance are associated with bleaching and diseases driven by elevated sea surface temperatures, with extinction risk further exacerbated by local-scale anthropogenic disturbances. The proportion of co...

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APA Style

Carpenter, K. E., Abrar, M., Aeby, G., Aronson, R. B., Banks, S., Bruckner, A., Chiriboga, A., Cortés, J., Delbeek, J. C., Devantier, L., Edgar, G. J., Edwards, A. J., Fenner, D., Guzmán, H. M., Hoeksema, B. W., Hodgson, G., Johan, O., Licuanan, W. Y., Livingstone, S. R., … Wood, E. (2008). One-third of reef-building corals face elevated extinction risk from climate change and local impacts. Science (New York, N.Y.), 321(5888), 560–563.

MLA Style

Carpenter, K. E., et al. “One-Third of Reef-Building Corals Face Elevated Extinction Risk from Climate Change and Local Impacts.” Science (New York, N.Y.), vol. 321, no. 5888, Science (New York, N.Y.), 2008, pp. 560–63.

Chicago Style

Carpenter, KE, M Abrar, G Aeby, RB Aronson, S Banks, A Bruckner, A Chiriboga, et al. 2008. “One-Third of Reef-Building Corals Face Elevated Extinction Risk from Climate Change and Local Impacts.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 321 (5888): 560–63.
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