Ethanol is being promoted as a renewable fuel and as a means of improving energy security. The blends of gasoline and ethanol from 0 – 100 % ethanol were studied to evaluate their spray characteristics, combustion performances, and particulate emissions with blends of ethanol and water with up to 40 % water by volume being tested to research the combustion performances of different water ethanol blends and the miscibility of water with ethanol/gasoline blends using ternary phase diagrams for ...