Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

Forouzanfar, M; Alexander, L; Anderson, H; Bachman, V; Biryukov, S; Brauer, M; Burnett, R; Casey, D; Coates, M; Cohen, A; Delwiche, K; Estep, K; Frostad, J; Astha, K; Kyu, H; Moradi-Lakeh, M; Ng, M; Slepak, E; Thomas, B; Wagner, J; Aasvang, G; Abbafati, C; Abbasoglu Ozgoren, A; Abd-Allah, F; Abera, S; Aboyans, V; Abraham, B; Abraham, J; Abubakar, I; Abu-Rmeileh, N; Aburto, T; Achoki, T; Adelekan, A; Adofo, K; Adou, A; Adsuar, J; Afshin, A; Agardh, E; Al Khabouri, M; Al Lami, F; Alam, S; Alasfoor, D; Albittar, M; Alegretti, M; Aleman, A; Alemu, Z; Alfonso-Cristancho, R; Alhabib, S; Ali, R; Ali, M; Alla, F; Allebeck, P; Allen, P; Alsharif, U; Alvarez, E; Alvis-Guzman, N; Amankwaa, A; Amare, A; Ameh, E; Ameli, O; Amini, H; Ammar, W; Anderson, B; Antonio, C; Anwari, P; Argeseanu Cunningham, S; Arnlöv, J; Arsenijevic, V; Artaman, A; Asghar, R; Assadi, R; Atkins, L; Atkinson, C; Avila, M; Awuah, B; Badawi, A; Bahit, M; Bakfalouni, T; Balakrishnan, K; Balalla, S; Balu, R; Banerjee, A; Barber, R; Barker-Collo, S; Barquera, S; Barregard, L; Barrero, L; Barrientos-Gutierrez, T; Basto-Abreu, A; Basu, A; Basu, S; Basulaiman, M; Batis Ruvalcaba, C; Beardsley, J; Bedi, N; Bekele, T; Bell, M; Benjet, C; Bennett, D; Benzian, H; Bernabé, E; Beyene, T; Bhala, N; Bhalla, A; Bhutta, Z; Bikbov, B; Bin Abdulhak, A; Blore, J; Blyth, F; Bohensky, M; Bora Başara, B; Borges, G; Bornstein, N; Bose, D; Boufous, S; Bourne, R; Brainin, M; Brazinova, A; Breitborde, N; Brenner, H; Briggs, A; Broday, D; Brooks, P; Bruce, N; Brugha, T; Brunekreef, B; Buchbinder, R; Bui, L; Bukhman, G; Bulloch, A; Burch, M; Burney, P; Campos-Nonato, I; Campuzano, J; Cantoral, A; Caravanos, J; Cárdenas, R; Cardis, E; Carpenter, D; Caso, V; Castañeda-Orjuela, C; Castro, R; Catalá-López, F; Cavalleri, F; Çavlin, A; Chadha, V; Chang, J; Charlson, F; Chen, H; Chen, W; Chen, Z; Chiang, P; Chimed-Ochir, O; Chowdhury, R; Christophi, C; Chuang, T; Chugh, S; Cirillo, M; Claßen, T; Colistro, V; Colomar, M; Colquhoun, S; Contreras, A; Cooper, C; Cooperrider, K; Cooper, L; Coresh, J; Courville, K; Criqui, M; Cuevas-Nasu, L; Damsere-Derry, J; Danawi, H; Dandona, L; Dandona, R; Dargan, P; Davis, A; Davitoiu, D; Dayama, A; de Castro, E; De la Cruz-Góngora, V; De Leo, D; de Lima, G; Degenhardt, L; del Pozo-Cruz, B; Dellavalle, R; Deribe, K; Derrett, S; Des Jarlais, D; Dessalegn, M; deVeber, G; Devries, K; Dharmaratne, S; Dherani, M; Dicker, D; Ding, E; Dokova, K; Dorsey, E; Driscoll, T; Duan, L; Durrani, A; Ebel, B; Ellenbogen, R; Elshrek, Y; Endres, M; Ermakov, S; Erskine, H; Eshrati, B; Esteghamati, A; Fahimi, S; Faraon, E; Farzadfar, F; Fay, D; Feigin, V; Feigl, A; Fereshtehnejad, S; Ferrari, A; Ferri, C; Flaxman, A; Fleming, T; Foigt, N; Foreman, K; Paleo, U; Franklin, R; Gabbe, B; Gaffikin, L; Gakidou, E; Gamkrelidze, A; Gankpé, F; Gansevoort, R; García-Guerra, F; Gasana, E; Geleijnse, J; Gessner, B; Gething, P; Gibney, K; Gillum, R; Ginawi, I; Giroud, M; Giussani, G; Goenka, S; Goginashvili, K; Gomez Dantes, H; Gona, P; Gonzalez de Cosio, T; González-Castell, D; Gotay, C; Goto, A; Gouda, H; Guerrant, R; Gugnani, H; Guillemin, F; Gunnell, D; Gupta, R; Gupta, R; Gutiérrez, R; Hafezi-Nejad, N; Hagan, H; Hagstromer, M; Halasa, Y; Hamadeh, R; Hammami, M; Hankey, G; Hao, Y; Harb, H; Haregu, T; Haro, J; Havmoeller, R; Hay, S; Hedayati, M; Heredia-Pi, I; Hernandez, L; Heuton, K; Heydarpour, P; Hijar, M; Hoek, H; Hoffman, H; Hornberger, J; Hosgood, H; Hoy, D; Hsairi, M; Hu, G; Hu, H; Huang, C; Huang, J; Hubbell, B; Huiart, L; Husseini, A; Iannarone, M; Iburg, K; Idrisov, B; Ikeda, N; Innos, K; Inoue, M; Islami, F; Ismayilova, S; Jacobsen, K; Jansen, H; Jarvis, D; Jassal, S; Jauregui, A; Jayaraman, S; Jeemon, P; Jensen, P; Jha, V; Jiang, F; Jiang, G; Jiang, Y; Jonas, J; Juel, K; Kan, H; Kany Roseline, S; Karam, N; Karch, A; Karema, C; Karthikeyan, G; Kaul, A; Kawakami, N; Kazi, D; Kemp, A; Kengne, A; Keren, A; Khader, Y; Khalifa, S; Khan, E; Khang, Y; Khatibzadeh, S; Khonelidze, I; Kieling, C; Kim, D; Kim, S; Kim, Y; Kimokoti, R; Kinfu, Y; Kinge, J; Kissela, B; Kivipelto, M; Knibbs, L; Knudsen, A; Kokubo, Y; Kose, M; Kosen, S; Kraemer, A; Kravchenko, M; Krishnaswami, S; Kromhout, H; Ku, T; Kuate Defo, B; Kucuk Bicer, B; Kuipers, E; Kulkarni, C; Kulkarni, V; Kumar, G; Kwan, G; Lai, T; Lakshmana Balaji, A; Lalloo, R; Lallukka, T; Lam, H; Lan, Q; Lansingh, V; Larson, H; Larsson, A; Laryea, D; Lavados, P; Lawrynowicz, A; Leasher, J; Lee, J; Leigh, J; Leung, R; Levi, M; Li, Y; Li, Y; Liang, J; Liang, X; Lim, S; Lindsay, M; Lipshultz, S; Liu, S; Liu, Y; Lloyd, B; Logroscino, G; London, S; Lopez, N; Lortet-Tieulent, J; Lotufo, P; Lozano, R; Lunevicius, R; Ma, J; Ma, S; Machado, V; MacIntyre, M; Magis-Rodriguez, C; Mahdi, A; Majdan, M; Malekzadeh, R; Mangalam, S; Mapoma, C; Marape, M; Marcenes, W; Margolis, D; Margono, C; Marks, G; Martin, R; Marzan, M; Mashal, M; Masiye, F; Mason-Jones, A; Matsushita, K; Matzopoulos, R; Mayosi, B; Mazorodze, T; McKay, A; McKee, M; McLain, A; Meaney, P; Medina, C; Mehndiratta, M; Mejia-Rodriguez, F; Mekonnen, W; Melaku, Y; Meltzer, M; Memish, Z; Mendoza, W; Mensah, G; Meretoja, A; Mhimbira, F; Micha, R; Miller, T; Mills, E; Misganaw, A; Mishra, S; Mohamed Ibrahim, N; Mohammad, K; Mokdad, A; Mola, G; Monasta, L; Montañez Hernandez, J; Montico, M; Moore, A; Morawska, L; Mori, R; Moschandreas, J; Moturi, W; Mozaffarian, D; Mueller, U; Mukaigawara, M; Mullany, E; Murthy, K; Naghavi, M; Nahas, Z; Naheed, A; Naidoo, K; Naldi, L; Nand, D; Nangia, V; Narayan, K; Nash, D; Neal, B; Nejjari, C; Neupane, S; Newton, C; Ngalesoni, F; Ngirabega, J; Nguyen, G; Nguyen, N; Nieuwenhuijsen, M; Nisar, M; Nogueira, J; Nolla, J; Nolte, S; Norheim, O; Norman, R; Norrving, B; Nyakarahuka, L; Oh, I; Ohkubo, T; Olusanya, B; Omer, S; Opio, J; Orozco, R; Pagcatipunan, R; Pain, A; Pandian, J; Panelo, C; Papachristou, C; Park, E; Parry, C; Paternina Caicedo, A; Patten, S; Paul, V; Pavlin, B; Pearce, N; Pedraza, L; Pedroza, A; Pejin Stokic, L; Pekericli, A; Pereira, D; Perez-Padilla, R; Perez-Ruiz, F; Perico, N; Perry, S; Pervaiz, A; Pesudovs, K; Peterson, C; Petzold, M; Phillips, M; Phua, H; Plass, D; Poenaru, D; Polanczyk, G; Polinder, S; Pond, C; Pope, C; Pope, D; Popova, S; Pourmalek, F; Powles, J; Prabhakaran, D; Prasad, N; Qato, D; Quezada, A; Quistberg, D; Racapé, L; Rafay, A; Rahimi, K; Rahimi-Movaghar, V; Rahman, S; Raju, M; Rakovac, I; Rana, S; Rao, M; Razavi, H; Reddy, K; Refaat, A; Rehm, J; Remuzzi, G; Ribeiro, A; Riccio, P; Richardson, L; Riederer, A; Robinson, M; Roca, A; Rodriguez, A; Rojas-Rueda, D; Romieu, I; Ronfani, L; Room, R; Roy, N; Ruhago, G; Rushton, L; Sabin, N; Sacco, R; Saha, S; Sahathevan, R; Sahraian, M; Salomon, J; Salvo, D; Sampson, U; Sanabria, J; Sanchez, L; Sánchez-Pimienta, T; Sanchez-Riera, L; Sandar, L; Santos, I; Sapkota, A; Satpathy, M; Saunders, J; Sawhney, M; Saylan, M; Scarborough, P; Schmidt, J; Schneider, I; Schöttker, B; Schwebel, D; Scott, J; Seedat, S; Sepanlou, S; Serdar, B; Servan-Mori, E; Shaddick, G; Shahraz, S; Levy, T; Shangguan, S; She, J; Sheikhbahaei, S; Shibuya, K; Shin, H; Shinohara, Y; Shiri, R; Shishani, K; Shiue, I; Sigfusdottir, I; Silberberg, D; Simard, E; Sindi, S; Singh, A; Singh, G; Singh, J; Skirbekk, V; Sliwa, K; Soljak, M; Soneji, S; Søreide, K; Soshnikov, S; Sposato, L; Sreeramareddy, C; Stapelberg, N; Stathopoulou, V; Steckling, N; Stein, D; Stein, M; Stephens, N; Stöckl, H; Straif, K; Stroumpoulis, K; Sturua, L; Sunguya, B; Swaminathan, S; Swaroop, M; Sykes, B; Tabb, K; Takahashi, K; Talongwa, R; Tandon, N; Tanne, D; Tanner, M; Tavakkoli, M; Te Ao, B; Teixeira, C; Téllez Rojo, M; Terkawi, A; Texcalac-Sangrador, J; Thackway, S; Thomson, B; Thorne-Lyman, A; Thrift, A; Thurston, G; Tillmann, T; Tobollik, M; Tonelli, M; Topouzis, F; Towbin, J; Toyoshima, H; Traebert, J; Tran, B; Trasande, L; Trillini, M; Trujillo, U; Dimbuene, Z; Tsilimbaris, M; Tuzcu, E; Uchendu, U; Ukwaja, K; Uzun, S; van de Vijver, S; Van Dingenen, R; van Gool, C; van Os, J; Varakin, Y; Vasankari, T; Vasconcelos, A; Vavilala, M; Veerman, L; Velasquez-Melendez, G; Venketasubramanian, N; Vijayakumar, L; Villalpando, S; Violante, F; Vlassov, V; Vollset, S; Wagner, G; Waller, S; Wallin, M; Wan, X; Wang, H; Wang, J; Wang, L; Wang, W; Wang, Y; Warouw, T; Watts, C; Weichenthal, S; Weiderpass, E; Weintraub, R; Werdecker, A; Wessells, K; Westerman, R; Whiteford, H; Wilkinson, J; Williams, H; Williams, T; Woldeyohannes, S; Wolfe, C; Wong, J; Woolf, A; Wright, J; Wurtz, B; Xu, G; Yan, L; Yang, G; Yano, Y; Ye, P; Yenesew, M; Yentür, G; Yip, P; Yonemoto, N; Yoon, S; Younis, M; Younoussi, Z; Yu, C; Zaki, M; Zhao, Y; Zheng, Y; Zhou, M; Zhu, J; Zhu, S; Zou, X; Zunt, J; Lopez, A; Vos, T; Murray, C

Journal article

Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

Abstract:: The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution.Attribut...
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Publication status:: Published

Peer review status:: Peer reviewed

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APA Style

Forouzanfar, M., Alexander, L., Anderson, H., Bachman, V., Biryukov, S., Brauer, M., Burnett, R., Casey, D., Coates, M., Cohen, A., Delwiche, K., Estep, K., Frostad, J., Astha, K., Kyu, H., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Ng, M., Slepak, E., Thomas, B., … Murray, C. (2015). Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet, 386(10010), 2287–2323.

MLA Style

Forouzanfar, M., et al. “Global, Regional, and National Comparative Risk Assessment of 79 Behavioural, Environmental and Occupational, and Metabolic Risks or Clusters of Risks in 188 Countries, 1990-2013: a Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.” Lancet, vol. 386, no. 10010, Elsevier, 2015, pp. 2287–323.

Chicago Style

Forouzanfar, M, L Alexander, H Anderson, V Bachman, S Biryukov, M Brauer, R Burnett, et al. 2015. “Global, Regional, and National Comparative Risk Assessment of 79 Behavioural, Environmental and Occupational, and Metabolic Risks or Clusters of Risks in 188 Countries, 1990-2013: a Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.” Lancet 386 (10010): 2287–2323.
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