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Assessment of perinatal anxiety: diagnostic accuracy of five measures

Abstract:

Background

Anxiety in pregnancy and after giving birth (the perinatal period) is highly prevalent but under-recognised. Robust methods of assessing perinatal anxiety are essential for services to identify and treat women appropriately.

Aims

To determine which assessment measures are most psychometrically robust and effective at identifying women with perinatal anxiety (primary objective) and depression (secondary objective).

Method

We conducted a prospective longitudinal cohort study of 2243 women who completed five measures of anxiety and depression (Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD) two- and seven-item versions; Whooley questions; Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation (CORE-10); and Stirling Antenatal Anxiety Scale (SAAS)) during pregnancy (15 weeks, 22 weeks and 31 weeks) and after birth (6 weeks). To assess diagnostic accuracy a sample of 403 participants completed modules of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI).

Results

The best diagnostic accuracy for anxiety was shown by the CORE-10 and SAAS. The best diagnostic accuracy for depression was shown by the CORE-10, SAAS and Whooley questions, although the SAAS had lower specificity. The same cut-off scores for each measure were optimal for identifying anxiety or depression (SAAS ≥9; CORE-10 ≥9; Whooley ≥1). All measures were psychometrically robust, with good internal consistency, convergent validity and unidimensional factor structure.

Conclusions

This study identified robust and effective methods of assessing perinatal anxiety and depression. We recommend using the CORE-10 or SAAS to assess perinatal anxiety and the CORE-10 or Whooley questions to assess depression. The GAD-2 and GAD-7 did not perform as well as other measures and optimal cut-offs were lower than currently recommended.
Publication status:
Published
Peer review status:
Peer reviewed

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Files:
Publisher copy:
10.1192/bjp.2023.174

Authors


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Role:
Author
ORCID:
0000-0002-0221-3654

Contributors

Role:
Contributor


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Funder identifier:
https://ror.org/015ah0c92
Grant:
NIHR 17/105/16


Publisher:
Royal College of Psychiatrists
Journal:
British Journal of Psychiatry More from this journal
Volume:
224
Issue:
4
Pages:
132-138
Place of publication:
England
Publication date:
2024-01-25
Acceptance date:
2023-11-17
DOI:
EISSN:
1472-1465
ISSN:
0007-1250
Pmid:
38270148


Language:
English
Keywords:
Pubs id:
1621851
Local pid:
pubs:1621851
Deposit date:
2024-03-06

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